Diffferent Types of Colonial Literature Essay - 731 Words

American literature extends its roots into colonial times. The works of the earliest North Americans include contributions by Natives and settlers alike, with many similar and differing historical influences, themes, and genres. The Native Americans, before colonial life even began, had developed a strong system of oral storytelling revolving mostly around mother nature. When the Puritans arrived, seeking religious asylum from Europe, their reserved and conservative ways leaked into colonial literature and greatly differed from their Rationalist counterparts. Pieces of fiery poetry also emerged from early American quills, but much of colonial literature was written by Rationalists and centered around establishing order and a way of†¦show more content†¦With such extreme conservative and religious examples of literature that came to define the world around her, it is surprising that Anne Bradstreet produced such fervent poems. One such example is her piece â€Å"The Burn ing of Our House.† Bradstreet writes unmistakably confident and poised, a stark contrast when compared to the Puritan model for women at the time. In the poem, Bradstreet confesses her true feelings with the line, â€Å"When by the ruins oft I past, my sorrowing eyes aside did cast.† Even though Anne Bradstreet’s poems did stand out against the sea of strict religious text around her, the poet still includes religious morals within her work, as illustrated by the sentence, â€Å"Thou hast a house on high erect, framed by that mighty Architect.† Bradstreet came to represent another niche of colonial poetry in American literature. Whether the author was a Puritan or a Rationalist, a vast amount colonial literature revolved around the placement of rules and a way of life in the new colonial world. The Puritans who founded many of the first sitesShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesNeo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Introduction The origins of new-wave management Control in organizations Unpredictable behaviour Informal control: organizational misbehaviour? Complexity and the problem of implementation Three types of formal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation of a possible shift in control: A new historical configuration? An alternative theoretical explanation:

Coffee Daily Windows to the World - 1571 Words

People all over the world wake up to a cup of coffee but is this harmful or beneficial? Research shows that the pros to coffee, at responsible amounts per day, outweigh the cons or negative effects of coffee and even have the same effects as medicines given over the counter at pharmacy or even prescribed by a pharmacist. Many people just drink coffee without even knowing the location of where coffee began but this can be very crucial to the understanding to finding the benefits of coffee. â€Å"In the Ethiopian highlands, where the legend of Kaldi, the goatherd, originated, coffee trees grow today as they have for centuries. Though we will never know with certainty, there probably is some truth to the Kaldi legend. It is said that he discovered coffee after noticing that his goats, upon eating berries from a certain tree, became so spirited that they did not want to sleep at night. Kaldi dutifully reported his findings to the abbot of the local monastery who made a drink with the berries and discovered that it kept him alert for the long hours of evening prayer. As word moved east and coffee reached the Arabian peninsula, it began a journey which would spread its reputation across the globe.† (The History Of Coffee) Lots of benefits that come from coffee come from the caffeine such as giving you energy to stay awake just like the Kaldi in the story ,but caffeine can be addictive just like a drug. The central nervous system begins to rely on the caffeine in its system toShow MoreRelatedCoffee Isn t My Cup Of Tea944 Words   |  4 PagesCoffee Just Isn’t My Cup of Tea As people kick their tired feet up, comfortably nestle their aching bodies into a cozy position, what do they do next? Do they chug a mug of energy or sip a cup of relaxation? 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Why Does Plato Argue That Rulers Must Be Philosophers Free Essays

Within this essay I Intend to examine Plates reasoning and justification for his belief in philosopher rulers and question whether they are, in fact, the best people to govern society. The current democratic method of organization of the â€Å"polis† was not suitable for Plato as he considered ruling far too vital a role in society to be left to the untrained. Instead, it should be left to those who have the knowledge and more crucially, the wisdom required to comprehend such a task. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Does Plato Argue That Rulers Must Be Philosophers? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It Is, however, at this point, we should consider that a significant factor In Plat’s opposition to democracy was that the Athenian democracy had condemned Socrates o death. It is important to remember that the liberal democracy which we currently experience is very recent and not at all the concept of democracy that Plato speaks. In fact, the idea of all adults over the age of 18 being able to vote would indeed be absurd to someone such as Plato. The democracy, of which he speaks, would be of greater equivalence to a modern day referendum, In which all those eligible to vote gather to debate and eventually vote. Plato thus set out to craft a new structural form for the polls, in simple, an Ideal society. This constituted three general social lasses and indirectly three separate polio’s within the whole Solipsism. At the lowest end of this, was the â€Å"producers†, although Plato pays little attention to this class, it compromises people who were engaged in economic activities, such as, farmers and manufacturers. Although of no political importance, they served the crucial function of providing the economic and material requirements of the community. Primarily, Plato places them as obedient workers under the control of the axillaries. This constitutes the first polls, â€Å"one In which money lovers, and only money lovers are made as happy as possible† (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984), and thus becomes a â€Å"luxurious polis† (Plato The Republic IPPP e). The second level on Plates ideal society was that of the auxiliaries. It was the auxiliaries who, in current times, would complete the actions of the military civil service and public offices I. E. Police. Consequently, it was their occupation to enact the decisions made by the ruling class. It would be from the elite of the auxiliaries that a philosopher guardian would emerge, as they had worked their way through the education and training. Therefore, this emerges as the second polis in which â€Å"unnecessary appetites† (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) are removed this is the part of the Solipsism in which honor-lovers are made as happy as possible. (Reeve C. D. C IPPP 1984) However, it must be pointed out that the auxiliaries also shared this second polis with the guardians who were not chosen as â€Å"pensioner Kilns. † Hymnal, It was ten Guardians won were let at ten top AT ten society, as the rulers. This was the elite group above the rest of society, only those who completed all the statutes laid out during their training would be able to become a recognized philosopher guardian at the age of 50. These would be the people who had a true understanding of the forms and ultimately, of what is good ND Just. With this Plato has set out his â€Å"dodos† for the ideal society and his belief that those most suited to govern this society were his â€Å"Philosopher Kings† who were chosen from this Guardian class. It is at this point, that I believe we must further engage with what in fact it means to be a philosopher, and how you reach such a position. Plato sets an initial screening process, â€Å"the one who is willing to taste every kind if learning with gusto, and who turns to learning with enthusiasm, and cannot get enough of it, he is the one we shall rightly call a philosopher. (Plato The Republic 474 c) â€Å"Those who have reached that goal are philosopher kings at last. The polis over which they rule, and which contains the elaborate educational apparatus necessary to reliably produce them, is the third polis. † (Reeve C. D. C. P 195, 1984). During Plat’s explanation of his philosopher-king, he uses three analogies, the sun, the line and finally the cave , in order to depict the reason for the philosopher’s irreplaceable role in politics. The central element in each of these is the concept of the forms. In my opinion, Plato most aptly explains the transition to a philosopher with his simile of the cave. Plato classes this as â€Å"the enlightenment or ignorance of our human condition† (Plato The Republic IPPP a). The allegory of the cave is to illustrate that the philosopher is the one who sees things as they really are. The philosopher is able to see the truth, whereas, the masses see, merely, shadows. The arduous process of education which draws the philosopher from the state of ignorance and belief to the enlightened state of knowledge and wisdom is comparable with the difficult Journey from a dark cave up a long path to the open light of the sun. Whilst explaining the Journey of the philosopher’s education he also attempts to show why it is that the masses reject the philosopher once their knowledge has been gained. Primarily, Plato says that the philosopher is misunderstood by the ignorant masses and that the knowledge which they attempt to impart threatens the beliefs of their UN-enlightened minds. It is clear upon examination of Plat’s society, that it is indubitably a totalitarian regime; however, this point must be critically examined as it is clear that there are distinct and separate ways to critique this point. Naturally, there are those who would say that the restriction of freedom from a dictatorial power is inherently wrong. Conversely, though it must be considered that restriction of freedom for the good of people is no bad thing. In theory a system which imposes â€Å"The Good† on all people, would be one which benefits all and enhances the chance of maximum human development and freedom from evil. Until philosophers rule as kings, or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophies, that is, until political power, authority and philosophy entirely coincide, while the many natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will eve no rest from evils,†¦ Nor, I think, will the human race. † (Simon Blackburn IPPP c- D 2006) Obviously the counter argument to that and the very basis of Plat’s critics, is that whether human nature being as it is, would ever allow it in reality? Especially when compared Walt previous totalitarian regimes, experience Allocates Tanat teen have rarely brought good to the majority, and predominantly have indeed brought the opposite. In reality, it could be argued that there has been a historical dominance of state dictatorships in comparison with the relatively recent liberal democracies. Citizens who are raised within the liberal western tradition are taught to be convinced of the faultlessness of democracy and thus find it challenging to comprehend that any other system could be better, or even to see the weaknesses in democracy. Due to the inability to acknowledge the failings of democracy, Plato creates two illustrations to depict them; these are the similes of the beast and the ship. Plato utterly rejects two common modes of thought in democratic societies, Just because everyone believes it to be true and good does not make it so, and that Just cause someone is a convincing speaker and persuades the masses to his view – it does not mean he is speaking the truth or that his ideas are good. The foundation of these illustrations is that the Philosophers simply know â€Å"The Good†. Plat’s debate is clearly rejecting some of the foundational ideas within Democracy. Within the simile of the beast, the large and powerful animal in this story is the general population who make up the democracy. In this tale, Plato is depicting a clear division between, what the majority like and think is good, what pleases them, and unbeknown to them, what actually is â€Å"The Good†. The Good (I. E. The dodos or form of the good) is good whether people think it is good or not. The Good is the predetermined standard against which the pleasures and desires of the masses must be Judged to determine whether they are good or bad. Plato is saying that the Sophists of his time were merely concerned with remaining in power and thus would bow to the appeasement of the masses that were ill educated. Fiscal and devoid of the knowledge of what is truly important in life and were subsequently unfit to rule the polis. They were no more than manipulators and responders to popular opinion without any standard tit which to work. The Sophists were relativists. For them ‘good’ meant no more than what the people want, what will keep them happy, and what society thinks are good. This approach to politics is recognizable within the contemporary use of opinion polls and pressure groups. â€Å"All those individuals who make their living by teaching, and whom the public call â€Å"Sophists† and new for their skill, in fact teach nothing but the conventional views held and expressed by the mass of the people, when they meet; and this they call a science† (Plato The Republic IPPP a-b) This forever, does not entirely show why Plato is convinced that it is philosophers who should rule. Socrates proposes the notion that the study of philosophy results in the unearthing of objective truths about what is good, from this grounding this knowledge can be used as an unique;coal platform for policy-making. Plato believes that in contrast with his idea of the world of matter, the world of sense , which he classes as a mere world of shadows, is in fact â€Å"world of final, immutable, changeless, objects of contemplation, at the summit of which stands the ultimate object of a facial kind of knowledge independent of sense experience. This is ultimately a real and ultimately fitting object of love and desire, a constantly radiant eternal source of light, the form of good itself. † (Blackburn S. Pop, 2006). Subsequently, it has the natural progression that the people most suited to rule, are the people who have the wisdom of this higher realm, so Justifiably this would be the philosophers. â€Å"If pensioners nave ten capacity to grasp ten eternal Ana Immutable, Wendell tense won have no such capacity are not philosophers and are lost in multiplicity and change, which of the two should be in charge of a state? (Plato The Republic p 484 b). At no point, has it ever been empirically verified that those who have studied philosophy will all agree on that which is good and right. Even those who do agree that there are moral facts do not agree on exactly what they are – nor do they agree on what is the best way to act in the light of those facts. Even if we do agree with Plato and accept that a true underst anding of goodness and Justice is both possible and agreement can be reached between philosophers, it still leaves the question whether this is all that a politician needs. How to cite Why Does Plato Argue That Rulers Must Be Philosophers?, Papers

The Red Badge of Courage Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Red Badge of Courage Analysis Essay The greatest shame for any man is to receive a harangue by comrades calling him/her a coward. In The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane, this is exactly what the main character, Henry Fleming, does his best to defer. One of Henrys serious problems was that he fled from a battle during the Civil War for selfish reasons. He realizes that it was a big mistake to desert them and the guilt that accompanies it almost compelled him to tell his unknown comrades, but he decides not to because he does not want to be a coward. In the beginning of the novel, Henrys friend, Jim, brought back news that the regiment was going to attack the enemy Henry started to wonder if he would stay and fight or would he flee like a mouse? He started to ask some of his friends what they would do. One of his friends, Wilson, had a narcissistic attitude towards the war and life in general and a quick temper. When Henry asked him, he was enraged by the stupidity of his friend, And I didnt say I was the bravest man in the world, neither. I said I was going to do my share of fightingthats what I said. And I am, too. Who are you, anyhow? You talk as if you thought you was Napoleon Bonaparte (18). Henry asked Jim the same question. But, Jims response was different than Wilsons, Ive thought it might get too hot for Jim Conklin in some of them scrimmages, and if a whole lot of boys started and run, why, I spose Id start and run. And if I once started to run, Id run like the devil, and make no mistake. But if everybody was a-standing and a-fighting, why, Id stand and fight. Be jiminey, I would (10). Henry decided that the only way he would ever solve this would require him be in a battle. After fighting he would then see how he would react, He finally concluded that the only way to prove himself was to go into the blaze, and then figuratively to watch his legs to discover their merits and faults (11). When the time comes to fight the regiments first battle, Henry does not desert his regiment as he had worried about, For some moments he couldnt flee (33). Thus, he can allude a logical conclusion about his dilemma being over, The supreme trial had been passed. The red, formidable difficulties of war had been vanquished (37). Yet in actuality, his problems have just begun. The next battle Henry faces he and a few others from his regiment run like rabbits (39) because they thought that the regiment would have been annihilated. Later, he realizes that what he did was a mistake and regrets running and becomes suicidal, He now thought that he wished he was dead. He believed that he env ied those men whose bodies lay strewn over the grass of the fields and on the fallen leaves of the forest (60). Henry considers himself a coward for deserting those brave men who fought to the best of their ability and won. Henry starts to wander the forest hes in, and eventually comes across a Tattered Soldier, and later, his friend, Jim. The Tattered Soldier was really nice to Henry and tried to start a conversation, but Henry was to engrossed with his problems that he treated him very brashly. A little while later, he realizes that the person next to him is his friend Jim. Henry and the Tattered Soldier watch Jim die a slow death, causing Henry great grief. After Jim dies, Henry deserts the Tattered Soldier leaving him wandering about helplessly in the field (60). Henry keeps on wandering and eventually stumbles onto a large group of people fleeing. He stops one of them to ask what was going on, but receives a vicious blow to the skull with the butt of a rifle giving him a wound. Henry finds his regiment with a help of a fellow soldier, and fabricates a story explaining how he received his head wound in a battle with another regiment. Now, Henry has a new and even worse moral dilemma, he doesnt know if he should tell his friends the truth and take the consequences, or not and keep living a lie. His narcissistic friend, Wilson, who now has surprisingly changed and became a nicer person, treats his wounds. After a good nights sleep, and a good meal Henry fights bravely in all the battles impressing his lieutenant and a colonel. His dilemma slowly vanishes because of the valiant effort displayed by Henry leaving not a coward, but a hero; By this struggle he had overcome obstacles that he admitted to be mountains. They had fallen like paper peaks, and he was now what he called a hero (95). .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 , .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .postImageUrl , .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 , .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:hover , .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:visited , .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:active { border:0!important; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:active , .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996 .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u30a568a44f3ccdf0410c4710bcce3996:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What I've Learned as a Foreign Exchange Student EssayThe novel takes a dramatic turn in the last couple of pages. Henry finally realizes what he did to the Tattered Soldier, He saw his vivid error, and he was afraid that it would stand before him all his life (130). He causes himself much chagrin over this, but it is a nominal task to overcome it, which he does in a matter of minutes. He just simply puts it out of his mind. How one might ask? It is hard to picture, since the Tattered Soldier was near death himself, An I must say I aint enjoying any great health mself these days (57). Henry could bring an early death to the Tattered Soldier, that little notion could haunt a person for eternity. During war, one is not usually in the right state of mind. His/her actions are for one purpose only, to survive. That does not fall under any stage since one would gain nothing. They do not care if society accepts them, or use morals in their decisions. A person will do whatever he has to, to survive. This timeless classic shows that in war, a persons action do not belong to them. It is all the training and surrounding environment which is displayed. This theory is relevant to Henry; his deserting his regiment could be due to the lack of training he might have received since he was in the Reserves. Now, Henry is prepared to face any challenges of life, since he faced the biggest challenge of all, death, He had been to touch the great death, and found that, after all, it was but the great death (130).